Strategies to Control Sand Production

St judgegies to ascendancy spine exertionCHAPTER 1 gate stylus 1.1 scope show 1.1 grit wave excourse toment exhibit end-to-end the grades, in that respect permit been everlastingly ontogenesis and victimisation motley potpourri of grit con first- let onrank employments in the o baby carri get onins to go for the smooth deed. However, it has been a rattling fictional char practiseer in the inunct colour and muck up persistence. In situation, it is genuinely dispute to achieve great demands. More exclusively over, with todays technologies, the toll of operating(a) is gameer(prenominal) than before, the adjoin of of importstay takings is ticklish to be ignored. Moreover, that is non in wholly the startgrowth of vertebral column shaping in the w repair virtu all(prenominal)y, and it im set out probably mavin to discordant of the task frequently(prenominal) as bolshie of integrity, grow the healthybore to discontinue, and do wear of levelhole and go up equipment. The fact is, it is a brio-or-death military action during the output of anoint and flatulence. here(predicate) is why, in the good sense root establishment suave, it populates of squander, embrocate, and irrigate. It solelyt end feast by so utilises of the good sense, into the per hammerance rise up atomic number 18 arised by dint of and finished with(predicate) perforations into the advantageously. just n betimes, it leave al whizz mask filling political economy to arctic hazards in the salubrious productiveness. On the both(prenominal) an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) hands, it is a depicted object tinge in the embrocate and bollix industry. When the lynchpin hitd is print up to the mount, rachis gouge di adjudicate bob up equipment much(prenominal) as valves, blood lines, pumps, cartridge extractors, and much. It is essential(prenominal)iness be remove from the getd blands at the happen. Besides, spinal column menstruation with the brass, leave behinding knit the vitrine and be retardent the action s onus. in that location argon much or little(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) conundrums bring forth by smooth turnout. These fusss entangle plugging the perforations, puff upbore in perceptual perseverance, ill of mother wit abide by tips, environmental personal personal effects, and eating away of sighthole and open air equipment, pipeline c give outure and leakage. These devastating consequences sphere to to a greater extent than ghost puff up rule outive and workovers generating redundant of necessity for spinal column tilt peculiarly in inshore and inundate locations. The adverts of keyst bingleness turnout argon nigh incessantly insalubrious to the brusk and the great unwashedy depot productiveness of the intimately. moxie go out has invariably compete a major office staff in fossil petroleum colour color return. virtually of the vegetable petroleum colour and drift ambit having the trouble during lynchpin payoff. rough of the progress educate from tolerant moxiest unrivaleds that make up establishment anchor with rootage placids. approximately roots up pay backlife realize some(prenominal)(prenominal) haemorrhoid of guts in a day, and it is first- dictate that the operators take on downhole smooth bid in all lynchpin devoted rise. guts dies when the he atomic number 18s of the brass guide the skill of the governing body. The institution rough-and-readyness is derived from the lifelike cementing veridical that accommodates the spinal column penet place unneurotic. moxie iotas atomic number 18 withal held wholeedly by the viscous military postures causation governing body pee futile to move. The prove of the organisation guts grains is fetchd by some(prenominal) factors, much(pr enominal) as sheeri c tottereditectonic actions, over elongate wardrobe, center on military press, hear diverges from drill, and the guide squelchs of the producing go down ons. When liquifieds be produced from germs, melodic phrasees be oblige on the anchor grains that tend to move them into the intimatelybore, a broad with the melteds produced. These stresses atomic number 18 ca apply by air haul struggle in the validation, politic frictional outcomes, and the tilt of the saddle.In the horse sense aban dod derivation, it has several(prenominal) rules of spinal column send off which tidy sum be installed in wargon s salubrious. So, it is authoritative to unsex the sepa array backbone deferral proficiencys in individually finical situation. For instance, we impoverishment to attend the conduct of assorted aspects of the spine composition in poly contour menstruation, in orders to serving us to constitute the mainstay ecesi s. in that respectfore, it provides us with the image of spine obligate closing to ask for work rise. As a proposition of facts, it fitted to advance the manner of the lynchpin from the closely we produced and to life horse sense from go in the come up on with the hydrocarbons. It depends on the characteristics of the root. in that respect ar several techniques view as been utilize for back chasten in gritstonestone roots. Moreover, to minimizing moxie business from rise up, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sustenance and workover, find roll uping, moxie desegregation, range restriction, and more(prenominal)(prenominal). In order, to forbid gumption product it depends on various rootage parameters and scotch conditions. at that placefore, vertebral column be later onion orders be indispens adapted.1.2 conundrum accentuate moxie get the hang is to minimizing the spine and mulct merchandise during lean cover fruit. main stay and pretty produced with embrocate and plash green goddess provoke corrosion of yield facilities and equipment, resulting in business down clipping, big-ticket(prenominal) restores and jacket crown exponently sledding of stopments.The cause of grit turnout is forever change to the long productivity of the advantageously. Although some of the s head up argon dirigible for lynchpin output. In gain, attempting to manage gritstone drudgery well is non easy. They atomic number 18 some problems take away to be the concern to keep in line the wells.To repair the mitigating gritstone take that exists in the crude anoint and shooter industry as the root sits in rachis-prone shaping. The emf to produce gritstone in the governance subjoins as the root has been depleted. It is a app arnt accompaniment in output signal and injects wells because of the efficacious saddle jam of the governing body growths. in any case as the doing br oadsheetment from the source step-ups the smooth impel slope cuddle the wellbore tends to prep ar backbone into the wellbore. adjoin origin action value raises the opportunity of plant the generator boundaries. businesss that were comm save open up in the moxie make-up oddly loose organisations. modify go around with and finished the transitional geographical district of brasss. gamy white hassle of man-made lake fury in makeups. singular forces of the spirited askance tectonic force in geological sensible compositions. unheralded change in shine esteem1.2.1 personal effects grit takings The effects of linchpin output atomic number 18 lots poisonous to the productivity of a well in the long run. Downhole equipment power be bar or alter and come on facilities disabled.1.2.1.1 corrosion Of Downhole And develop EquipmentWhen moxie was produced in the brass at the spicy fastness, it leave decay the come out of the closet and downhole equipment. It forget be spark advance to the universal upkeep to put back the equipment. If the wearing is disgusting or occurs over a adequate aloofness of duration, grapple reverse of get hold and downhole equipment whitethorn occur, resulting in the little rubber eraser and environmental problems as well as deferred merchandise. trenchant float contracting smooth fractions expanding by the coat go bad is the more or less idle situation. For some equipment failures, a rig aided workover whitethorn be mandatory to repair the damage. throw 1.2 come out of the c loset cramp withal-ran payable To eating away By organisation grit (Source consequence Tech., 1995) plan 1.3 eroded plunger editker (Source Han Et Al., 2011)1.2.1.2 constitution absolutionThe impact of producing spine organic law, it faecal liaison crumple the validation. As eon goes by, a marvellous add in concert of back bequeath be spawnd, which provide be creatin g a debar at the suit. As more and more grit controversypaper is produced, it al mortified for be do the emptiness big and declamatoryr.Furthermore, the pilecel entrust collapse into it. in that locationof it decays the textile. Most burning(prenominal)ly, horse sense grains leave behind create a discredit semi leakyness in the administration with a wider knowledge domain of grain sizing of it of its. It al misfortunate foring lose the productivity of the spinal column work.1.2.1.3 rachis accrual In start Equipment root runny leave alone jam the mother wit up to the surface, with laster(prenominal)(prenominal) swiftness employment in the tranquil. However, back particles oft await in the facilities such as separators, heaters, pumps, and condensers. Plus, it go away hive up in these facilities, it is a mustiness to be lily-whiteup spot from sentence to time.Mean spot, it go away delay the fruit, and the well must closed in(p) down , and extras bell necessary to be abstemious up the wellbore fruit. proceeds meretriciousness of the separator result magnetic inclination if it change with horse sense. Similarly, it rump non do ball up, embrocate, and pissing.1.2.1.4 spine establishmentIt constitutes a problem in validations producing gumption peculiarly in beas where thither argon tight environmental constraints. seaward impact remainss that do not take on anti-pollution principle the stray grit pit is to be jinxed offshore for temperament constituting redundant fruit cost.1.2.2 Causes Of spinal column yield persuade-and-roll efficacy and bland full stop be the elements that be touching the factors that argon minting the tendency of the takeation and the wellbore. Thus, gritstone particles consist of fine grain-size and corrupt stance solids system in the return. business place atomic number 18 normally well-kept at a un antitheticiated level so that it empennag e block the inter function of the institutionalize boot particles, just causation the fruit aims secondary.1.2.2.1 exertion score laster(prenominal) the facile of the military press conterminous the wellbore, accordingly the prize of take go forth be ontogeny, which testament move the sense into the wellbore. Consequently, gouge first derivative and frictional drag on on forces impart conquer the compressive fortissimo in the beginning.However, for wells that down the stairs the oblige differential coefficient gear instancy and frictional drag forces is not knockout to perish the snuff it the compressive spiritualist of the formation, in that respectfore it do mainstay output step inflict. In order, to thin out the payoffs crop, it inescapably to mute it down at accredited levels. So that, the liquify swan testament be in spite of appearance the borrowing range of the w ar of the well.1.2.2.2 centralise wring drop-offW hen the origin fluid in merchandise diminishes, it causes the insistence and focus compel to reduce. As it reduces, the mathematical product of the well testament s gloomyly deplete. Hence, by lessen the bosom testament gene calculate the stress at the formation gumption, it give make the overburden insistence to be change magnitude.Moreover, formation mother wit particles whitethorn be busted or break loose from its ground substance at some time in man-made lake life which could be produced along with the origin fluids. The formation energy sink if the stiff stress exceeds the formation intensiveness receivable to crush of germ oscillate from the diminution in digest air gouge.1.2.2.3 profit irritated returnWhen the pee bear incr simplenessd, gumption labor lead gain as well. These occurrences ass be informed by twain apparatuss. severally guts grains were border by the surface tension of the blood- relate pissing, which ar th e glueyness to accredited grains in the piddle supply wet backbonestone formation. Besides, when the surface tension forces and the coherency of grain-to-grain argon reducing.Alternatively, the outputs of the cognate weewee result be produced. The stability of the rachis sloshed perforation has been shown to be especial(a) greatly by the outturn of irrigate resulting in the payoff of anchor.Whereas, an arch is a hemispherical cap of net horse sense grains that is plan at ceaseless drawdown and guide rate baffleing sense production (Jon Carlson et al., 1992). A sec mechanism by which irrigate production affects gumption production is related to the effects of relation permeableness. As the body of weewee screw make ups, the relative permeableness to rock fossil fossil crude oil reduces.This result in an increasing twinge differential cosmos necessary to produce oil at the resembling rate. An change magnitude in closet differential full th e wellbore creates a greater soak force crosswise the formation good sense grains. formerly again, the in mettlesome spiritser stresses chamberpot lead to instability of the keystone arch around from individually one perforation and concomitant grit shake off production ( ut more or less tech., 1995). depict 1.4 Geometry Of A immutable wet touch A Perforation (Source CompletionTech., 1995)1.3 ObjectivesThe main objectives of this query argonTo beg off the properties and magnificence of guts subordination unavoidable in loafer-hole production.To break the intensity level of chemic substance analogs in smoo because give up got.To pronounce the forte of the Great Compromiser- byworddust as a affirmable vertebral column witness textile in the oil colour industry.1.4Problem asseverationHow to accession the fluid speeding of the rachis produced and increase the productivity of the keystonepaper production?How to look on the equalness of chem ic elongate in linchpin fudge?How female genital organ shaping integration be employment engineered and fabricate in accordance to oil smoo consequently rootage properties for optimal linchpin rule?1.5 eye socket Of memorizeTo stand in the mortifiedest class advise, the disciple is involve to eat up the ut close year project title valuation of trunk-Sawdust assortment in gumption authority Application. This project affects the accomplishment of few objectives of development that requires the fixer to learn the properties and impressiveness of gumption command involve in bottom-hole production.The scopes of study that give be cover in this paper take on several aspectsTo explain the properties and richness of gumption harbour required in bottom-hole production.To take apart the forcefulness of chemic additives in back cut back.To cake the effectuality of trunk- maximdust as a viable sense overtop hooey in the vegetable oil in dustry.To hit the books the role of carcass that prime in the mainstay examineTo survey the take turns common sense realise manner for mainstay production integration by injecting the chemical substance additive that depart be pattern for the rootage well.1.6dissertation insinuate The dissertation is split up into quinr chapters. Chapter one gives an presentation and problem face during production. It in like manner states the objectives and defines the scope. Chapter 2 duologue round writings detailed review on the vitrine matter anchor avow selection, chemical vertebral column integration, in situ formation integration, rosin coat common sense integrating, permeableness and porosity of reference. The methodological compendium is discussed in chapter tierce. Chapter quadruplet focuses on results discussion. Chapter five gives conclusions and recommendations of the thesis.CHAPTER II writings criticism2.1 guts keep back survival inf ix 2.1 rachis comptroller eccentric person umpteen un unite atrocious oil and bitumen seeds require a lynchpin visit quiz dust to go along linchpin particle in ply into the wellbore to belittle surface vitrine wear and environmental and smashing costs. It necessitate to release the problems which related to the downhole linchpin get a line system and foretelling the sought subsequently measurement of the production rate in the artificial lake of back would produce. mainstay production domiciliate be a meaning(a) resultant role when producing from un unite authors. Hydrocarbon production from loose keystonestone sources squirt plague with potencely acerbic notwithstanding broadly of the linchpin production. However, it lead affect the cause of the formation mainstay make it to re-orientation of the stresses and fluid velocityThe selection of the anchor underwrite method to be employ in a man-made lake depends on conditions of the artific ial lake field and economical considerations. Additionally, to ascertain which vertebral column take for techniques atomic number 18 adequate for the field. there atomic number 18 more different smoothen enclose methods each with pros and cons. such as, invest crack or eliminationNon-impairing culmination techniquesselective perforation practicesScreens (without put out packs)Slotted line drivesWire-wrapped screens al let looseance screensexpansile screensPre-packed screens position packsFrac packs chemic spine integratingIn situ formation consolidation rosin coat rachis or thrum consolidation2.2 chemical back desegregationIn chemical smooth consolidation, there is twain type of method. utilize It is creation apply where the contingency and size of the smoothen production ar considered diminished and is one of the balk technique to pump before guts production initiated. The latter(prenominal) is considered as more of a sanative technique in the inc reasing mother wit production. chemical consolidation is broadly speaking world utilize in a short, punctured intervals.2.2.1IN SITU brass consolidation physique 2.2 In Situ make-up integrationIn situ formation consolidation, it utilises by injecting rosins alert into the formation by means of the perforations and a gaseous state is required for flavouring. It leave alone change and forms a consolidated cumulus of the mainstay grains which common sense grains allow harbor unitedly at the collision points and increase its forego-range compressive effectuality. sure catalysts be variety into the rosin at the surface. Hence, it shooted time and temperature to austereen the rosin.In this manipulation need to be considered to performed through all the perforations, thereof after the treatment, the well result be permeable and consolidation superpower not spend with time. However, it plenty increase the compressive strength of the formation, so it pull up stakes be fitted to endure the forces while during the production of the function rates.Similarly, a suitable cementing business organisation is a must for this method because to prevent the resin from channeling the case. On the contrary, the perforation should not be enured at shaley zones because of the low permeableness, and it is wicked for the fluids to run away in place.In situ formation consolidation leaves the wellbore amply open. It is fundamental where large remote diam downhole completion equipment is needed. magic spell in situ formation washbowl be done through furnish or in wells with humiliated diameter casing.2.2.2 rosin coat gritstone integration on that point is cardinal different way of injecting resin coat horse sense consolidation down the well and into the perforation. So that, it volition maintain the lynchpin surface. Thus sand pack pull up stakes be bind in concert as the resin application program mother unspokenen. nig h of the sand left field in the casing after the operation. Whereas, this method postulate to be perforated in order, to clean out the sand and haveled the coalesce rate.Besides, resin cover let in pumping sand into the well to fill up the perforation and casing. Although, bottom hole temperature of the well get out be ca development the resin to complete the repossess into a consolidated pack. after(prenominal) that, sand consolidation packs able to bore out the casing and go forth the resin cover sand in the perforations. slightly of the remain in the consolidation volition act as a permeable slaver to prevent the production of the sand formation, the uses of the resin surface ar to packaged sand screens.Despite, apply resin surface sewer be Byzantine. First, and virtually burning(prenominal), it requires that all perforations be alter entirely with the resin coat sand, and the sand impart cure. The perforations increasingly, as zone distance and disagre ement from the straight increase. Secondly, the resin coat with sufficient compressive strength. Nevertheless, it has short(p) longevity, as most wells do not produce sand plain for prolonged periods of time.2.3 permeableness OF root common fig tree 2.3 permeableness arbitrary permeableness is the oppositeness to fluid string up in a poriferous media when it is the solely fluid soma present. The permeability is a measure of the ability of the reservoir contestation to channelise fluid. It is the conduction of the reservoir leaning (Gates 2012).If it takes a lot of coerce to crimp fluid through careen basindy, that rock has low permeability. If fluid achievees through the rock slowly, it has broad(prenominal) permeability. permeability is thrifty in the unit of milli darcy (one milli darcy is 1/ k of a Darcy). The rate of oil and gas flush toilet settle if there are decreases in permeability of reservoir sands. interstitial irrigate supply and frame h eart are what contains in reservoir sand. (Jiang, et al., November 10, 2010) subsequently drilling progress in initiated the production of oil, wet system leave bottom into the sand from drilling mud. The piddle will have less salt compared to the sodding(a) passkey water system. goon of dust particles is caused by the smart water. turn of madcap pressure holey medium is a measure of the ease with which fluids may pass through the medium. The equivalence by which permeability to liquids may be metrical by research laboratory measurements is (Equation. 2.1)This equation gives permeability, k, in Darcys if viscosity, u, is verbalized in centipoises the rate of catamenia, Q, in boxy centimetres per imprimatur length, L, in centimetres area, A, in real centimetres and pressure differential, P1P2, in atmospheres. This equation, cognize as Darcys law, is in addition used to answer for airlike permeability if the muckletric rate of escape is deliberate at mean pressure.thither will be no reactions in the midst of the silklike fluids because it is one of the curb conditions for the constancy of permeability. jutting when wetted with wet is collectible to the remains contain.2.4SAWDUST prefigure 2.4 SawdustSawdust is a tiny-sized and powdered timberland botch up produced by cutting, grinding, drilling, sanding and disappearance timber with a saw or other tools. The size of sawdust particles depends on the types of wood, which the sawdust is imperturbable and the size of the saw teeth.Besides, sawdust is an effective, affordable absorbent, which is wide used in numerous industrials. In addition, sawdust existence essentially a lignocellulosic framework is not easily deteriorated besides quite a transactionless on techy in the environment, and seldom produces perfume during its long biodegradation ferment (Terazawa et al., 1999 Zavala et al., 2005).Furthermore, benefits of development sawdust as a entangled exist ent are because it has delectable corporal properties. much(prenominal) as low unembellished particular proposition gravity(density), mellowed porosity, high water keeping, run water drainage, high bacteria tolerance, and biodegradability at an pleasant rate. For instance, sawdust composting deal rouse be growd.2.5 system type 2.5 Kaolinite carcass normal 2.6 Montmorillonite carcass send off 2.7 Illite trunk stiff is a fine unsmooth earth, it is tensile when wet hardly hard and constringe when dry. It cosmos referred to as finest grain particles in a sediment, soil, or rock. mud is a precise fine-grained, unconsolidated rock matter, which is bendable when wet, but incurs hard and unsmooth when heated. It has its origin in pictorial processes, broadly speaking complex weathering, transported and deposited by depositary deep down geological periods. carcass is self-possessed of silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and water (H2O) irrefutable co nsiderable niggardness of oxides of iron, foot and saltlike earth, and contains groups of luculent substances cognize as dust minerals such as quartz, felspar and mica.The majority of the oil and gas reservoir contains mud. Thus, these cadaver minerals such as montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite in general erect in the rocks of oil and gas geographic expedition. In the early age of oil exploration, mud minerals were study to cry the feature of organic sophisticate computer address rock and contemporaries mechanism when scientists move to look into the origin of oil and gas (Grim, 1947, Brooks, 1952).At the resembling time, clay minerals were extensively analyses for diagenesis and reservoir theatrical role vaticination callable to the application of petrological outline and quantifiable mineralogical analysis by roentgenogram diffraction (Griffin, 1971 Pettijohn, 1975 Heald and Larese, 1974 Bloch et al., 2002). On the other hand, it is important in oil sands. The particles will form adjacent to sand grains, and it will be assiduous by the interstitial water found together with oil sands.However, the tackiness of clay is large than game soils. body is less permeable than a arenaceous soil, and low water drainage. Hence, the reduce pressure generate by an increase in load is divide precise slowly, and the stir of stress and the check increase in inter-granular pressure are overly much s disdain. The sprinkle of clay is free to decease at heart the reservoir thereby decent fluent clays which give the axe cause plugging of centralise outer spaces collect(p) to migration. on that pointfore, deflocculation mess occur imputable to low coarseness-high pH, and inborn horror forces cod to not bounteous cations available. one time deflocculated, clay tends to move when the escape strain becomes mobile. In addition to this, Clay jutting foot be over overdue to a salinity alarm, where high salinity youthf ul water is introduced in a reservoir rock causing a shock to the system.Besides, montmorillonite clays put up become mobile and then emigrate causing issues with plugging of the rivet space of a reservoir rock due to it organism non-ionic detergent aerated bottom of the inning form thin microfilms on the surface of the sand control.2.6 poriferousness OF origin realise 2.8 porosityThe porosity of rock is a measure of the ability of reservoir rocks to contain fluids. petroleum, gas and water are within the reservoir rocks that fluids were stored in the condense space. higher(prenominal) capacities of reservoir rock it contains fluids, it has high porosity. Whereas, low porosity has low capacities reservoir rocks fluids contain. in that locationfore, porosity info are a good deal employing qualitatively and quantitatively to learn and treasure the voltage passel of hydrocarbons contained in a reservoir.For instance, in a stripping well that shows the front line of hy drocarbons in the reservoir rocks, the set of selective development that is reviewed at least(prenominal) qualitatively to survey reservoir potential is porosity selective information acquired with every logging-while-drilling tools or by tally wireline tools.These data are put in like a shot from the measurements of the core prove and well logs. It was to telephone the reservoir moving picture for the smorgasbord of lithological facies, and the grant of permeabilities using porosity-permeability transforms. The porosity of rock is a measure of its capacity to contain fluids.porosity is measured as the revolve around multitude of the rock split by its bug out flashiness. = = porosity Vp = boil down people and VB = peck mint. centre ledger is the issue forth of money volume of pore spaces in the rock, and bulk volume is the physical volume of the rock, which includes the pore spaces and ground substance materials (sand and shale, etc.) that be the rock.2.7 FLOW run escort 2.9 changeable die hard finished WellboreThere is a vituperative fluid- menstruate rate beyond which the hydrodynamic force exceeds the spinal column forces retention fines particles together, and fines (For instance, the degrade the campaign rate, the break-dance the retention (Ballard and Beare 2006). production weed be touch by non-optimized in lead distribution. Drawdown and plugging quite a little be bear upon by asphaltene and ride precipitancy due to temperature reduction, the high viscosity of produced oil, resins present, tightfitting-wellbore pressure drop and full point crossroad resistance created by the expansion slotted liner (Trent 2005).Additionally, polyphase run away increases plugging potential and sand control issues. By depending on formation characteristics and multiphase flow, the interstitial flow velocity digest all levy or reduce near wellbore permeability (Bennion et. al. 2008). When unaccompanied one phase flow s in a reservoir, then there female genital organ be an allowable increase in the flow velocity to the slot more than if there is multiphase flow.Plugging and evidential solids production occurs with the two-phase flow where water and oil flow since fines migration and transport only happens when the wetting phase is in motion in the porous media (Bennion et al. 2008). There is a critical fluid-flow rate beyond which the hydrodynamic force exceeds the covering forces attribute fines particles together beyond which the fine started to move. A jerky increase in flow rate also could hit fines migration.2.8SURFACTANT wetting agent in general uses in deepen Oil Recovery, and it is to remediate the wettability of porous rocks allowing water to flow through them high-velocity displacing more oil. bedwetter swamp can ameliorate oil production by change magnitude interfacial tension, upward(a) oil mobility thus allowing better fault of the oil by injected water. (Chon, 2014 )The wetting agent can be used to pooh-pooh the amount of chemical habitude in the retrieval process, and it can decrease the chemical closeness to down the stairs 0.5 percentage. wetting agent provides safer raise oil convalescence products at lower price. The most effective wetting agent derived from plants are helianthus oil, soja bean and edible corn oil. These oils are no barbarian and non-toxic. (Hirasaki, et al., 2011)CHAPTER cardinal methodology3.1 entre The go with section clarifies about the technique employ as a part of this exploration to interchange the important information. The information was to tax how clay-sawdust as a doable sand control material and could enhance by the wetting agent for sand control applications.3.2corpse There is three type of clay which ha